|
6.3
Utilities
6.3.1
Water
Facilities and
Services
Issues and Concerns
a)
Due to leaks, pilferage
and manufacturing water meters, 39% or
18,158 CMD is
Unaccounted.
b)
The current average
water demand of 64,716 CMD is 23.49%
less than the supply of
79,920 CMD. However,
during peak hours, the demand is more
than this supply. This accounts for
the noted low water pressures in the
Water District service area during
peak hours. By the year 2002, the
average demand shall have exceeded the
supply, if additional water sources
shall have not been tapped.
c)
The turbidity level of
Tumaga River is high during heavy
rains.
Water
District
The Zamboanga City
Water District handles water
distribution system in and around city
proper within the radius of 7 km. It
is now expanding at the west coast up
to the ECOZONE in anticipation of the
development that will be included by
it. It covers an area of 10,080.10
hectares and serves 170,436 out of the
338,035 populations of the covered
area or 31.85% of the current total
city population of 535,074.
Zamboanga City has a
relatively good present and potential
source of potable water namely: Tumaga
and Mercedes rivers, various springs
and deep wells (Putik, Guiwan, Gov.
Camins, Gov. Ramos, San Roque,
Baliwasan, etc.)
The water district
started operating on April 1, 1974 on
a 24 – hour basis. It has a present
capacity of 79, 920 CMD, 70,000 of
which is sourced from the spring and
surface water of Tumaga River (which
is slowly decreasing its water holding
capacity due to siltation and
sedimentation). It has a water
treatment plant located in Pasonanca,
which has an output capacity of 70,000
CMD of potable water, which is
directed, to a 7,500 cubic meter
ground reservoir for storage and
eventual distribution to the demand
areas. It has a production capacity of
1,979,432 cubic meters per month.
The quality of water
from Tumaga River, which is the main
source of supply from the Water
District, is relatively acceptable.
During heavy rains, when the turbidity
is high, methods of water treatment
used are sedimentation, filtration
chlorination and coagulation.
Table VI-20 shows the
existing and operational production
wells, which contributes barely 12.41%
to the total production of the water
district. On-going and proposed
construction of production well and
the projected production capacity are
also shown.
It can be gleaned from
the same table that by year 2003, the
production capacity will be increased
by 74.82%, when the population shall
have increased by 17.59%. This implies
that at year 2003, the supply of water
will still be much more than the
demand.
Table VI-21 presents
the percentage of population per
barangay covered by the water
district. This shows that the city
proper is 96.25% served by the water
district while the rural barangays
Boalan and Sinunuc is only 5% and 11%
served respectively. Among the urban
barangays, Lunzuran is the least
served with coverage of only 30%. When
the proposed production well shall
been tapped by 2003, the city proper
will be 100% covered while Lunzuran
will be the least covered with a
population percentage of only 42%.
Among the rural barangays, Boalan and
Sinunuc will have the least coverage
with 21% and 26% coverage,
respectively.
Table VI-20. Water
Utilization and Sources
Table VI-21.
Percentage of the Population Served
|
1995
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
Urban Barangays
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
(%)
|
Baliwasan
|
80
|
84
|
86
|
88
|
90
|
92
|
94
|
96
|
94
|
94
|
Cabatangan
|
35
|
39
|
41
|
42
|
44
|
45
|
47
|
48
|
49
|
50
|
Calarian
|
70
|
74
|
76
|
78
|
80
|
82
|
84
|
86
|
88
|
90
|
Camino Nuevo
|
65
|
69
|
71
|
73
|
75
|
77
|
79
|
81
|
79
|
79
|
Campo Islam
|
70
|
74
|
76
|
78
|
80
|
82
|
84
|
86
|
88
|
92
|
Canelar
|
65
|
69
|
71
|
73
|
75
|
77
|
79
|
81
|
79
|
79
|
Divisoria
|
40
|
44
|
45
|
47
|
48
|
50
|
51
|
53
|
51
|
51
|
Guiwan
|
65
|
69
|
71
|
73
|
75
|
77
|
79
|
81
|
79
|
79
|
Lunzuran
|
26
|
30
|
32
|
34
|
36
|
38
|
40
|
42
|
40
|
40
|
Mariki
|
60
|
64
|
65
|
66
|
67
|
68
|
69
|
70
|
69
|
69
|
Pasonanca
|
50
|
54
|
56
|
58
|
60
|
62
|
64
|
66
|
64
|
64
|
Putik
|
52
|
56
|
57
|
59
|
60
|
62
|
63
|
65
|
63
|
63
|
Rio Hondo
|
60
|
64
|
66
|
68
|
70
|
72
|
74
|
76
|
74
|
74
|
San Jose Cawa-Cawa
|
70
|
74
|
76
|
78
|
80
|
82
|
84
|
86
|
84
|
84
|
San Jose Gusu
|
72
|
76
|
78
|
81
|
82
|
84
|
86
|
88
|
86
|
86
|
San Roque
|
50
|
50
|
52
|
54
|
56
|
58
|
60
|
62
|
60
|
60
|
Sta. Barbara
|
75
|
79
|
81
|
83
|
84
|
86
|
87
|
89
|
87
|
87
|
Sta. Catalilna
|
72
|
76
|
78
|
80
|
82
|
84
|
86
|
88
|
86
|
86
|
Sta. Maria
|
75
|
79
|
81
|
83
|
85
|
87
|
89
|
91
|
89
|
89
|
Sto. Nino
|
75
|
79
|
81
|
83
|
85
|
86
|
88
|
89
|
88
|
88
|
Talon-Talon
|
56
|
60
|
62
|
64
|
66
|
68
|
70
|
72
|
70
|
70
|
Tetuan
|
76
|
80
|
82
|
84
|
86
|
88
|
90
|
92
|
90
|
90
|
Tugbungan
|
65
|
69
|
71
|
73
|
75
|
77
|
79
|
81
|
79
|
79
|
Tumaga
|
54
|
58
|
60
|
62
|
64
|
66
|
69
|
71
|
69
|
69
|
Zone I
|
95
|
96
|
97
|
98
|
99
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
Zone II
|
97
|
98
|
99
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
Zone III
|
94
|
95
|
96
|
97
|
98
|
99
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
Zone IV
|
96
|
96
|
98
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
100
|
Rural Barangays
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arena Blanco
|
43
|
45
|
47
|
49
|
51
|
53
|
56
|
58
|
56
|
56
|
Boalan
|
5
|
10
|
12
|
14
|
16
|
18
|
21
|
23
|
21
|
21
|
Malagutay
|
47
|
51
|
53
|
55
|
57
|
59
|
62
|
64
|
62
|
62
|
Mampang
|
41
|
45
|
47
|
49
|
51
|
53
|
56
|
58
|
56
|
56
|
Sinunuc
|
11
|
15
|
17
|
19
|
21
|
23
|
26
|
28
|
26
|
26
|
Porposed Additional
Service Area
|
61
|
64
|
66
|
68
|
70
|
71
|
73
|
75
|
74
|
74
|
Ayala
|
|
|
35
|
43
|
51
|
57
|
63
|
63
|
63
|
63
|
Cawit
|
|
|
20
|
21
|
24
|
30
|
36
|
36
|
36
|
36
|
La Paz
|
|
|
|
10
|
12
|
15
|
16
|
16
|
16
|
16
|
Lumayang
|
|
|
|
15
|
17
|
19
|
21
|
21
|
21
|
21
|
Lumbangan
|
|
|
|
20
|
22
|
24
|
26
|
26
|
26
|
26
|
Maasin
|
|
|
|
25
|
26
|
27
|
28
|
28
|
28
|
28
|
Manicahan
|
|
|
|
|
25
|
26
|
27
|
27
|
27
|
27
|
Mercedes
|
|
|
|
|
|
25
|
27
|
27
|
27
|
27
|
Recodo
|
|
|
|
30
|
32
|
34
|
36
|
36
|
36
|
36
|
Salaan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
Talisayan
|
|
|
|
|
|
25
|
26
|
26
|
26
|
26
|
Tulungatung
|
|
|
|
30
|
36
|
42
|
48
|
48
|
48
|
48
|
| |
The number of water
service connections by type of
consumer is shown in Tables VI-22 and
23. This reflects a continuous
increase in the number of water
connections for all types of consumers
except for institutional which
decreased from 1995 to 1996. As of
1996, ZCWD had an inventory of 29,045
connections or about 32.61% more than
its 1992 inventory. Of these
connections, residential has the
biggest share with 93.40%, followed by
the commercial (5.45%) and
institutional (1.02%).
Table VI-22.
Number of Water Service Connections by
Type of Consumer
|
Type Of Consumer |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
|
|
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
|
Residential |
20,357 |
92.94 |
21,891 |
92.81 |
23,744 |
93.22 |
25,825 |
93.48 |
27,128 |
93.40 |
|
Commercial |
1,239 |
5.66 |
1,377 |
5.54 |
1,406 |
5.52 |
1,469 |
6.32 |
1,583 |
5.45 |
|
Industrial |
28 |
0.13 |
29 |
0.12 |
29 |
0.11 |
31 |
0.11 |
35 |
0.12 |
|
Institutional |
277 |
1.26 |
288 |
1.22 |
291 |
1.14 |
299 |
1.05 |
297 |
1.02 |
|
Others/Bulk |
2 |
0.01 |
2 |
0.01 |
2 |
0.01 |
2 |
0.01 |
2 |
0.01 |
|
Total |
21,903 |
100 |
23,587 |
100 |
25,477 |
100 |
27,626 |
100 |
29,045 |
100 |
|
Annual Growth Rate |
|
|
7.64 |
|
7.99 |
|
8.46 |
|
5.14 |
|
| |
Table VI-23.
Annual Water Consumption & Number of
Connections,
Zamboanga City Water
District
|
Comm’l/Idv’l |
Un-accounted |
Ave-Day Demand |
|
|
No. Of Conn. |
Cons. (m3/d) |
No. Of Conn. |
Cons. (m3/d) |
No. Of Conn. |
Cons. (m3/d) |
No. Of Conn. |
Cons. (m3/d) |
No. Of Conn. |
Cons. (m3/d) |
For Water
(m3/d) |
(m3/d) |
|
1997 |
28,406 |
36.626 |
1,926 |
6,291 |
303 |
3,188 |
3 |
453 |
30,638 |
46,558 |
18,158 |
64,716 |
|
1998 |
30,386 |
39,203 |
1,961 |
6,864 |
313 |
3,287 |
3 |
453 |
32,663 |
49,806 |
18,926 |
68,732 |
|
1999 |
32,354 |
41,771 |
1,996 |
6,986 |
323 |
3,392 |
3 |
453 |
34.676 |
52,602 |
19,463 |
72,064 |
|
2000 |
34,310 |
44,331 |
2,031 |
7,109 |
333 |
3,497 |
3 |
453 |
36,677 |
55,389 |
19,940 |
75,329 |
|
2001 |
36,254 |
46,904 |
2.066 |
7,231 |
343 |
3,602 |
4 |
604 |
38,667 |
58,341 |
20,419 |
78,760 |
|
2002 |
38,186 |
49,445 |
2,101 |
7,354 |
353 |
3,707 |
4 |
604 |
40,644 |
61,109 |
20,777 |
81,886 |
|
2003 |
40,106 |
51,947 |
2,136 |
7,599 |
363 |
3,812 |
4 |
604 |
42,609 |
63,839 |
21,067 |
84,906 |
|
2004 |
42,014 |
54,295 |
2,171 |
7,599 |
373 |
3,917 |
4 |
604 |
44,562 |
66,414 |
21,253 |
87,667 |
|
2005 |
43,910 |
56,705 |
2,206 |
7,721 |
383 |
4,022 |
4 |
604 |
46,503 |
69,052 |
20,716 |
89,768 |
| |
Volume of consumption
table (Table VI-24) shows that from
1992 to 1996, residential consumers
were consistently the heaviest water
consumers, with 954, 570 m³ (76.49%)
consumption in 1996, followed by
commercial and institutional with 123,
539m³ (9.90%) and 120, 665m³ (9.67%)
respectively when the total
consumption increased by 15.84%. Table
6 shows that on the average, water
consumption in and around the city
proper is 0.20 CMD.
Table VI-24.
Water Consumption By Type of Consumer
|
Type Of Consumer |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
|
|
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
No. |
% Share |
|
Residential |
728,518 |
74.73 |
850,753 |
75.34 |
864,967 |
75.05 |
882,815 |
75.58 |
954,570 |
76.49 |
|
Commercial |
101,611 |
10.42 |
114,316 |
10.12 |
113,200 |
9.85 |
111,770 |
9.52 |
123,539 |
9.90 |
|
Industrial |
32,863 |
3.37 |
29,109 |
2.58 |
35,458 |
3.09 |
38,974 |
3.32 |
38,588 |
3.09 |
|
Institutional |
104,501 |
10.72 |
125,067 |
11.07 |
128,538 |
11.18 |
128,453 |
10.94 |
120,665 |
9.67 |
|
Others/Bulk |
7,341 |
0.76 |
10,040 |
0.89 |
7,244 |
0.63 |
12,195 |
1.04 |
10,573 |
0.85 |
|
Total |
974,834 |
100 |
1,129,285 |
100 |
1,149,407 |
100 |
1,174,207 |
100 |
1,247,935 |
100 |
|
Annual Growth Rate |
|
|
15.84 |
|
1.78 |
|
2.16 |
|
6.28 |
|
| |
In terms of service
connections, there are 29,438 pipes
with size of 13 mm and 303 pipes with
sizes ranging from 19 mm to 100 mm.
these water distributions are
installed and completed within the
period 1975 to 1995. Details are
presented below:
Table VI-25.
Service Connection Data
|
Classification |
SIZE / NO. |
|
|
13MM |
19MM |
25MM |
38MM |
50MM |
Others |
Total |
|
Residential |
27,849 |
39 |
33 |
- |
2 |
|
27,923 |
|
Commercial |
1,357 |
49 |
57 |
4 |
17 |
|
1,484 |
|
Industrial |
17 |
4 |
4 |
- |
12 |
|
37 |
|
Institutional |
215 |
23 |
33 |
2 |
22 |
|
295 |
|
Others/Bulk |
|
|
|
|
|
1-100mm |
2 |
|
Total |
29,438 |
115 |
127 |
6 |
53 |
2 |
29,741 |
| |
Water rates are
scheduled to encourage the consumers
to limit their use of water. Fees
become higher with the consumption.
Minimum rates are imposed for the
first 10m³depending on the diameter of
water pipes. The smaller the pipe
connection, the cheaper is the minimum
rate. Water is also sold at a flat
rate of 6.00/m³ to the public. People
from barangays not covered by the
water district purchase water on this
basis. Table VI-26 presents the detail
on the existing rates.
Table VI-26.,
Existing ZCWD Water Rates, Zamboanga
City
|
Size |
Minimum |
11-30 |
31-60 |
Over 60 |
Per Cubic |
|
Residential/Government |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3/8”
½”
¾”
1”
1-1/2”
2”
3”
4” |
12.80
51.20
109.20
218.48
546.08
1,265.28
2,457.60
4,915.04 |
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67
4.67 |
4.67
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05
5.05 |
4.67
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76
5.76 |
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00 |
|
Commercial/
Individual |
|
|
|
|
|
|
½”
¾”
1”
1-1/2”
2”
3”
4” |
102.40
218.40
436.96
1,092.16
2,730.56
4,915.20
9,830.08 |
9. 34
9.34
9.34
9.34
9.34
9.34
9.34 |
10.10
10.10
10.10
10.10
10.10
10.10
10.10 |
11.34
11.34
11.34
11.34
11.34
11.34
11.34 |
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00
6.00 |
|
Bulk
Government
Commercial |
N/A
N/A |
12.29
24.58 |
13.31
26.62 |
14.72
29.44 |
6.00
6.00 |
| |
Outside the coverage
area of the water district, residents
depend on:
1.
Barangay Waterworks and
Sanitation Association which has the
varying capacity to supply water
through:
1.1
Level 1 System – an
inventory of 517 Artesian well were
distributed to all RWSAs
1.2
Level 2 System – For
all RWSAs
1.3
Level 3 – For All RWSAs
2.
Open Springs
3.
Deep Wells
4.
Waterworks system of
St. Stanislaus Kostika Multi-Purpose
Cooperative
6.3.2
Rural
Waterworks and
Sanitation Associations (RWSAs)
Issues and
Concerns
a)
Insufficient water
supply in most parts of the service
area evidenced by: 1) low water
pressure especially during peak hours,
and 2) the limit in the availability
of water from one hour per day to four
hours per day in most of the areas;
b)
Slow expansion program
outpaced by the increasing demand due
to the growing and rapid urbanization
Limited distribution
lines,
Lack of storage tanks
in some water production areas,
Insufficient capacity
of some pumping equipment,
Lack of ground water
facilities to compliment the existing
systems;
c)
Expensive water
generation cost to areas where water
is pumped up to the reservoir for
distribution
d)
Unwillingness of some
end users to pay water dues, poor
policies on disconnection;
e)
Depletion of ground
water resources due to forest
denudation and over-extraction of
water;
f)
Some water systems
overlap with the existing ones
Ayala BWSA and Water
District
St. Stanislaus Kostika
Multi-Purpose Cooperative’s water
System and Curuan BWSA.
g)
Disparity in the cost
of water in different barangays:
h)
Frequency of water
treatment, quality testing, cleaning
of reservoir are not standardized;
i)
Unaccounted systems
losses due to leakage and pilferage;
j)
Most public deep wells
are now non-operational due to any of
the following: poor water quality,
maintenance problems,
design/construction deficiencies, lack
of support from end users:
k)
High incidence of
water-born diseases in areas not
serviced ny the RWSA (source of water
is commonly open well)
About 364,683 or 68.15%
of the City’s population depends
either on BWSAs or private/public open
springs and deep wells. An unaccounted
big portion of this figure is
obviously dependent on BWSAs. There
are a total of 30 BWSAs only 24 of
which are operational. Among the
operational BWSAs, 15 are studied,
five covering the west coast namely:
Ayala, Sinubong, Patalon, Labuan and
Talisayan and 10 covering the east
coast namely: Mercedes, Culianan,
Cabaulay, Manicahan, Sangali, Bolong,
Quiniput, Buenavista, Mangusu and
Vitali. Each is run with autonomy from
the city government by its respective
board members where in one functions
as president. Common to all BWSAs are
technical support staffs namely:
System Superintendent,
Treasurer/Collector, Operator, and
Bookkeeper/Clerk. Big BWSAs like
Manicahan have more staff. Technical
Staff are given honorarium ranging
from P250/month to P3, 800/month,
depending on the income of the BWSA.
BWSAs operate on its
own, financially and administratively.
To finance its operating and
maintenance costs, fees are collected
from water consumers based n agreed
flat rates or on consumption. Ayala,
Sinubong, Patalon, Labuan and Mangusu
RWSAs charge monthly dues on a fixed
monthly rate ranging from P10.50/HH to
P50/HH. Talisayan, Mercedes, Culianan,
Cabaulay, Manicahan, Sangali, Bolong,
Quiniput, Buenavista and Vitali RWSAs
on the other hand, require payment
based on monthly consumption fees that
range from P20/10m³ to P75/10m³.
Eight out of 15 RWSAs
utilize spring as water source while
remaining seven RWSAs utilize deep
wells. The age of the water system
ranges from four to 24 years. Old
piping systems like Patalon’s and
portion of Manicahan’s are
deteriorated and have to be replaced
or rehabilitated.
To maintain the
acceptable quality of water, the city
should standardize the frequency of
water treatment, quality testing, and
cleaning of reservoir. Currently, the
frequency of treatment testing and
cleaning is up to the decision of the
respective barangays. Testing of water
quality surprisingly is not uniform
though the City Health conducts it
High water pressure is
only observed at Culianan, Cabaulay
and manicahan RWSAs, all the rest have
to low to a very water pressure. In
terms of water availability only
Sinubong, Culianan and Manicahan have
water on a 24-hour basis. Insufficient
water source (because of water
depletion triggered by forest
denudation or extraction of water
beyond safe yield), inadequate pumping
equipment or reservoir caused low
water pressure to all other BWSAs
system. Thus, scheduling has to be
restored. Some barangays have supply
of water that ranges from two hours to
ten hours per day. See Table VI-27.
Table VI-27.
Selected Barangay Water Works and
Sanitation in Zamboanga City
Table VI-27 (cont’d)
Selected Barangay Water Works and
Sanitation in Zamboanga City
Most BWSAs using deep
well as their water source find it
difficult to keep a balance between
their monthly collection with their
operating and maintenance cost because
the latter entails a big cost. Most of
the BWSAs have an almost zero to
negative amount in their account.
Curuan for instance closed their
operation because they could not pay
anymore their electricity in
operating. BWSA is even aggravated by
the unwillingness of some consumers to
pay their dues. Alibis on the part of
the delinquent end users include: they
will pay as soon as the system works
efficiently or they will pay when they
can have the money. Approximately 20%
of the consumers are delinquents; yet,
the policy on disconnection is seldom
imposed.
There is also the
problem of overlapping waterworks
systems of the newly constructed St.
Stanislaus Kostika Multi-Purpose
Cooperative with Curuan, Buenavista,
etc. Because of this overlap, Curuan
seemed to be not interested anymore in
reviving the BWSA. Consumers switched
their membership to cooperative.
Buenavista suffered also from the
overlap, roughly, half of the members
of its BWSA transferred to the
cooperative. In case of Ayala and the
water district, the latter, will
eventually be converted into source of
water for fire fighting purposes when
the water district start operating at
Ayala.
The incidence of
water-borne diseases is high in
Barangay Mangusu. This can be
attributed to the open well, which is
an alternate water source with BWSA
(which is capable of supplying water
only for one to two hours a day). Deep
wells should have been a better
substitute to augment water needs in
cases where water pressure is already
very low, but most of them are now
non-operational due to any of the
following: poor water quality,
maintenance problems,
design/construction deficiencies, lack
of support from end users.
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